Hampered by societal pressures and a significant pay gap, Pakistan’s women continue to lag behind men in labor force participation, preventing the country from achieving its full potential for economic growth.
In a recent report, the International Labour Organization has noted that Pakistan has one of the largest gender pay gaps globally, with women earning significantly less than men across most sectors. It highlights that this pay gap persists across multiple sectors and remains largely unexplained, suggesting gender-based discrimination. Specifically, the report estimates that women earn between Rs. 700-750 for every Rs. 1,000 earned by men. A country striving to achieve a sustainable economy can no longer afford this.
The economic empowerment of women is a proven driver of economic growth and development. Unfortunately, Pakistan’s female labor force participation has stagnated around 24%–by contrast, Bangladesh’s is 37%–due to archaic social and cultural norms that restrict women’s mobility outside the home. The limitations span education, early marriage, safety concerns, lack of adequate transportation, and a perception that women’s primary role is domestic work. Beyond macroeconomic gains, the discrimination also ignores vital socioeconomic benefits, especially in a rapidly changing world.
Rising living costs and stagnant wages have positioned dual-income households as best equipped to achieve financial stability and improve their quality of life. Women’s employment also contributes to poverty reduction, enhanced health outcomes, and improved educational attainment for children, fostering broader societal development.
If Pakistan wishes to harness the full potential of its workforce, and related economic benefits, it must act now. The first step is changing societal views toward women workers. This requires introducing initiatives that educate communities about the economic and social benefits of women’s employment. The ultimate aim must be to encourage acceptance of women in various professional roles. Similarly, traditional gender roles that confine women to domestic responsibilities require rethink. Encouraging shared domestic duties and promoting the value of women’s contributions, both at home and in the workplace, can lead to a more inclusive society.
Finally, Parliament can play its role by enacting and enforcing laws that ensure equal opportunities, fair wages, and safe working environments for women.
Perennially at a “critical” juncture, Pakistan cannot afford to wait for a “perfect” opportunity to unlock the untapped potential of its female population. Achieving robust economic growth and improved social outcomes calls for embracing women’s participation in the workforce. Beyond equity, boosting women’s employment is a strategic imperative increasingly vital for the nation’s prosperity.