Pakistan’s decision to pursue peace with Afghanistan despite strained ties over terror emanating from Afghan soil is a necessary step for regional stability—though unlikely to succeed.
Long defined by a complex interplay of shared cultural heritage and enduring geopolitical challenges, ties between Kabul and Islamabad have ruptured over repeated incursions of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants across the porous border. Consistent calls for Kabul to curb terrorism and dismantle militant networks operating from within its territory have largely gone unheard, frustrating an Islamabad reeling from resurgent terrorism.
The tensions boiled over in December 2024, with Pakistan launching several aerial strikes into Afghanistan targeting alleged TTP camps. A demonstration of military capability, the strikes underscored the desperation of a nation cornered by threats emanating from its neighbor. The extreme response followed several attempts at diplomatic resolution, as well as pressure tactics through the closure of border crossings that serve as vital arteries for trade and commerce.
The most recent closure of the key Torkham border crossing, lasting 25 days, not only halted the flow of essential goods but also amplified public frustration. The livelihoods of residents on both sides of the border depend on this trade, with estimates of daily trade losses exceeding $3 million. Last week’s resolution of the crisis enabled a return to normalcy. However, fears persist of another closure, as bilateral relations remain tense.
Amidst these challenges, Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar has supported a new attempt to foster peace. Driven by Islamabad’s desire for calm, it has found inadvertent support from the recent thaw in relations between Afghanistan and the United States. If successful, this could herald regional stability. However, an Afghan desire to delink trade from terror-related discussions suggests the core issue will persist, regardless of how the latest attempt at peace proceeds.
Already at odds with India, Pakistan cannot afford to take on another neighbor. Yet, if these fragile diplomatic efforts fail, Islamabad must stand ready to take all necessary measures to ensure the safety of its citizens. The aerial strikes, expulsion of undocumented migrants and calls for an end to terrorism make clear that though Pakistan is forever linked to Afghanistan thanks to geography, this does not mean it cannot protect itself—and its citizens—as an when necessary.